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historic moment in South Sudan capital Juba: The independence is within reach. Occur now after 20 years of civil war, security and stability?

appeared in the taz

: 01/07/2011

JUBA
taz the big mango tree by the roadside is debated loudly. About a dozen older men, most with the Dinka people typical, deeply incised scar on his forehead, sitting on stools in a circle and drink hot tea. They discuss in Arabic about the upcoming referendum on Sunday. In addition, James Lodiong sits on the curb and listened attentively. Instead, he sips tea
an ice-cold, freshly squeezed red berry juice, sells a young woman from a cooler next to him. The 27-year-old smiles: "It's all about here these days to the referendum," he winks. The men discussed how Southern Sudan after Independence might look, he explains, adding: ". We urgently need new vision, extending beyond the independence" Lodiong, father of two children, studied at the University of Juba approaches to development in rural regions - a sector in which he suspects many job opportunities. He comes from a small village in the south of Southern Sudan, on the border with Uganda. His home region had developed "relatively good," he said in English.
About The highway is paved fresh, the power lines already installed underground to bring goods from traders in Uganda, and: "Even our school system is better because Ugandan teachers teach us," he says. In other regions of southern Sudan see it quite differently. "The infrastructure outside of Juba is in a catastrophic state," he sighs. That could soon change, however, he is quick and looks around.

Juba changing

Since the peace agreement in 2005 between the Sudan government in Khartoum and southern Sudan former rebel movement SPLA (Sudan People's Liberation Army), which has since ruled the South as autonomous region, has Juba from a container and tent settlement between the ruins of old colonial buildings developed into a real city: with a handful of paved roads, and new air-conditioned ministries.

"If we use our resources wisely, we can over the next five years to develop the cities and regions outside of Juba," said Lodiong. He points to a poster that is pinned to the mango tree: "Vote for development, chooses independence," is it.

The enthusiasm about the upcoming referendum is great in Juba. Feasts are prepared. Young people discuss where and how they celebrate the launch referendum on Sunday. But there is a certain tension in the air. The parking lot near the waterfront, where else would the Ugandan Dealers deliver vegetables and fruit, is almost deserted. Hardly a trader risked his assets currently in Juba. The vegetable seller at the market have so few to offer not quite as fresh tomatoes, they are selling at twice the price. The money changers have little dollar bills. The conversion rate for this is shot up. Avoid

While the Ugandan traders for fear of flaring conflict southern Sudan, the Western delegates in Juba to give the handle in his hand. Almost daily roar state coaches on the road from the airport in the government district. Representative of the UN Security Council were to visit, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is even Hollywood actor George Clooney is touring southern Sudan. Several times a day so police blocked off the few paved roads.

motorcycle taxi riders like John Baradong annoying the powerful. "Now that we finally have peace, the whole world is interested in us," he wondered, shaking his head. He sits again on the roadside under a tree in his parked motorcycle, waiting until the limo column is over. In recent days, Baradong, father of five children, earned almost a quarter less money than usual "Many people stay in these days would rather be home," he says. After dark, at seven clock in the evening was the city like extinct. And before the police had to beware, he warns.

have in recent weeks threatened in Juba several young, newly trained police women, even beaten, allegedly because they were dressed too easy. At a youth concert at Christmas took a 21-year-old recruit to a girl with a knife. "Over the holidays we noticed that our police are only partially operational for a long time," police spokesman admit Biar Mading. The major-general with epaulets sitting in dilapidated police headquarters behind his desk in a polished big leather chair. During his tea break, he followed on a large flat screen TV, the international coverage of Sudan. over the image of his country he was doing very concerned, said the major general. "To guarantee security, we have all the police on duty to summon the country has," he says. 60,000 security forces to guard polling stations and ensure the transport of ballot boxes - which is not much over an area of one and a half times the size of Germany. For the potentially soon-independent Government of Southern Sudan is a crucial test-run the referendum, whether the state is able to deliver his people what it after 20 years of civil war needs most: security and stability. minimize The risk of conflict with the North, this is Deng Alors task. Southern Sudan Minister of Regional Cooperation is currently the busiest man in the country, so it seems. He has just adopted a German delegation, immediately afterwards, the next state visit stands outside his office. Nevertheless, he takes the time to talk about his homeland. Alor is a tall man with broad shoulders and walking upright - typical of his people, the Dinka, who in Southern Sudan Government, the majority of the ministers and the president. Alor comes from Abyei, between North and South disputed oil region on the border. Even if he is not there, want to eliminate conflicts, he assured that the relations between North and South are now better than ever before. "The removal will be a great shock to the north," he says. The opposition in Khartoum will exploit this in order to mobilize against Bashir. "Our people in the south is relatively well prepared in comparison," he says. over such a statement can Ninrew James, chairman of the Nuer Peace Council, shaking his head. The Nuer and the Dinka are each around 20 percent, the largest of the 67 ethnic groups in southern Sudan. As a proud warrior people of ancient nomadic tradition they fought during the Civil War, part of the Nuer was armed by Khartoum to take action against the Dinka in the SPLA. place in the Palestinian government, the Vice-President Riek Machar the Nuer and 36th of a total of four ministers That the Dinka hold otherwise all the commanding points, especially in the army and police, sees Ninrew as dangerous. "Politics is pure nepotism," he says soberly. And since the political elite decides on the economy, all sectors were in the hands of the Dinka. Ninrews Nuer Peace Council operates its efforts to find peaceful solutions between the two dominant ethnic groups in Southern Sudan a small office behind a crowded desk in a house shared by local human rights and women's organizations.

geese cackle around in the courtyard, then with the beak on the glass door to Ninrews office. He has just corrected a report on the recent clashes in the east of southern Sudan, near the town of Akobo on the border with Ethiopia, where war with two Nuer communities. SPLA soldiers, the majority of Dinka, marched in November and burned the villages.

Ninrew befüchtet that such conflicts could push Sudan into a new civil war. For the present, Dinka-dominated Autonomy government will decide after a Yes to the southern Sudanese to independence on the rules of the new state, which will be called half a year later: a constituent assembly convened to organize new elections. "If the Dinka are introducing today unfair rules, then the other ethnic groups revenge sooner or later"

, warns the Nuer Ninrew. Southern Sudan government should avoid committing the same mistakes as before Khartoum. Not far from his window a Teermaschine liquid asphalt sprayed on the road. "You should develop not only the capital but also the provincial cities," says Ninrew and raises his index finger: If the government would have invested in Khartoum and in the provinces, not just in the center, would not the South secede now.

national hero Garang

"Bring the cities of the nations and not the people in the cities," cited Ninrew calculated Southern Sudan SPLA war hero and founder John Garang, whose portrait hangs above his desk. For decades, Garang led the SPLM during the civil war and negotiated the 2005 peace agreement with Khartoum. It was the biggest triumph of the patriarch of the Southern Sudan Independence Movement.

But a few months later, Garang died in a helicopter crash. Garang had spoken in his decades-long fight for the interests of other groups in the neglected periphery of Sudan, for example, for the people of Darfur. His vision was a socialist and democratic state in all of Sudan, a "new Sudan", in which all people live free and be treated equally.

Garang was a Dinka, but was also recognized by other southerners as a national hero. In Juba town center is built Garang has a simple but dignified mausoleum. In addition, one of the central polling stations of the capital has been built. Are always fresh flowers on his grave.