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Christmas 2010 ... One way

... was nice but there was now nothing special to report what would have been different as recent years. The Food was again very awesome and I had a really great time with my parents.
I was very mad that I got a cinema voucher and given a Moleskine - Moleskine That is not my diary in 2011 for all the things I write in the blog dic. 2010, I made it the way the first time to write diary for a year - that I will continue 2011th
This time I had planned with my parents on Christmas Eve to spend the night on the couch. This was the second time that I had been staying with my parents in the past six years since I moved out. On Christmas Day, we wanted to go to the Christmas service, but were thwarted by the extreme snowfall on Christmas Eve.

Somehow, this time on Christmas in total have been turning to videos which retell the Christmas story via social web, like this:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZrf0PbAGSk

Or this:

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demobilized obtained from the dead

In Germany Onesphore R. was well integrated as a refugee. In Rwanda, remember survivors of genocide and complicity in him as a friend of killers.

appeared in Taz: 18.1.2010

Church in Kiziguro, Rwanda. This was on 11 April 1994 massacre at least 1,500 people. Photo: taz

It is a plain but neat house, with a gray wall and a fence made of bamboo stalks. The number is emblazoned in 10.3 flourishes on the front door. Here, in the district Cyivugiza in Rwanda's capital Kigali, once Onesphore R. lived with his wife and two children. Popularly called the streets of the "German Quarter" because the houses were built with the participation of a German company, said a neighbor. They lived before the Rwandan genocide next door to R.. He was in the late eighties, the manager, with him had to pay off the residents monthly rates. "He was actually a nice man," she says. The neighbor, we call it Christine, lost in the genocide father, mother and siblings. Fearing she wants to know her real name not be published. She sits on her sofa and dug out documents of the local Gacaca village court, before which she has testified as a witness. Onesphore R. was there on 6 January 2010 in the absence and perpetrators of massacres in April 1994 convicted. In the days before the murders had taken with R. residents lists by Cyivugiza recalls Christine. "He had armed men here, where he showed the houses of the Tutsi people," she says. Your make-up bleeds with the tears that roll over her cheek.

display

Rs wife Celine - then it was called Solina - 1994, the town hall had a bar, not much more than a green container with doors and windows. The guests sat on plastic chairs in the evening on the lawn between the container and the bright blue-painted, round community center. Rs house is located a few hundred meters away from the dusty road.

a gun on the bed

The chairs have disappeared, the meadow is a dusty volleyball without a net, Solinas container is orphaned. The former pub is like a memorial. Christine always reminds you of the days in April 1994 when the Hutu militias "Interahamwe" by the German Quarter went to find Tutsi. The Hutu R., who was 37 years old, was at that time circuit board member of the former Rwandan ruling party MRND, and Mayor of Muvumba in the north of the country.

Christine remembers how in the period before the pick-up with the emblem of the municipality Muvumba on the driver's door by the road swept - with armed soldiers and a machine gun in the back. Mostly he was only in the evening or on weekends have been there, otherwise he organized the refugee camps for his church in eastern Rwanda. Muvumba itself was not for Mayor R. accessible: the Tutsi rebels of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) the current President Paul Kagame had occupied it in 1990, the Hutus fled.

Before the mass slaughter of 7 April 1994 began, it was R. on the evening of 5 April in the bar, saw his wife, Christine recalls. He drank with the city known Interahamwe, including Noel Hitimana, a journalist at RTLM Hetzradio, prefect of François Karera, who has now been given by the UN genocide tribunal for Rwanda to life imprisonment, and Interahamwe leader Robert Kajuga, today also condemned. Later, these men were, but not regularly R. collected after the massacres in the parish hall behind closed doors, she says. She then sat outside and ordered from Solina beer. Interahamwe had stayed home in Rs.

escape to Germany

begins nearly 17 years later on Tuesday before the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt, the trial of R. - the first on account of participation in Germany against a Rwandan genocide. The prosecution accused R., to be responsible for the deaths of 3730 people.

Germany since 2002, the new home Rs, his wife and three children now. End of April 1994, she fled to Tanzania, then Zaire, in today's Democratic Republic of Congo, first to the Mugunga refugee camp and then into the city of Kisangani in then through the jungle to Brazzaville, capital of neighboring Republic of Congo. In 2002 she flew to Frankfurt.

R. The engineer speaks fluent German, he studied thanks to the Rwanda-partnership of Rhineland-Palatinate and using a grant from 1982-85 road construction in Trier. R. presented after its entry for him and his family political asylum. At first they lived in the home for asylum seekers Gerolzhofen near Wuerzburg. Her application was rejected, the court doubted the authenticity of the birth certificate of her daughter. The family moved on - to Bayreuth to Schweinfurt, finally Erlensee near Frankfurt am Main.

where she received asylum in 2007. Over the Erlensee Family well-integrated. Solina - now Celine - completed an internship in the kindergarten. With their Turkish neighbors, they are good. The operation of the ice cream parlor on the main street in a friendly nod to the Rs.

R. For the first arrest was therefore quite surprising. He and his wife had lost many relatives, he says, their families were ethnically mixed. R. fears Kagame's intelligence was behind him. The current president of Rwanda was bent on destroying the Hutu elite. Therefore, he regarded his arrest as a political maneuver. But since 2007 R. is on the Interpol wanted list and ranked 435 of the most wanted by Rwanda's judiciary responsible for the genocide. Rwanda's Prosecutor General's Office then sent a warrant to Germany. The German authorities took up investigations. In April 2008, R. was arrested in the immigration office Gelnhausen, where he wanted to pick up his residence permit. By November 2008, he remained in custody.

was then rejected his extradition to Rwanda, R. was released. Two days before Christmas he was again remanded in custody. After the Federal Court of the warrant in May 2009, again because of "insufficient" witnesses picked up, the German authorities determined directly in Rwanda. On 26 R. July 2010 were arrested again.

His lawyer Natalie of Wistingshausen now speaks of a "serious psychological distress". For genocide, in Germany, however, the principle of universal jurisdiction, meaning that the German justice may even act if the acts were not committed in Germany and the alleged perpetrator is not a German, but is staying only in Germany. Thus R. is now in a German court. Multiple was called Rwanda Prosecutor General Martin Ngoga, German investigators in Rwanda welcome. He has them "granted unsupervised access to witnesses, crime scenes and alleged accomplices," he says. In Rwanda's prisons

had many men about R. testify. A beefy man, whose name can not be named because he is condemned not themselves, sitting in pink prison uniform in a bare room in Kigali. The man once in Murambi R. welcomed when he arrived there after 1990 to escape from his community. Mayor of Murambi then Jean de Dieu was Mwange. He has been guilty before a gacaca court in Rwanda is known to have ordered massacres, and is in prison - for life.

R. Mwange the plan is to have plotted to kill all Tutsis in the region. Regularly would be from 7 April 1994, the mayors from surrounding communities, including R., mornings in the canteen over the local authority in Murambi taken to prepare for the massacre. On 11 April was at such a meeting was decided to kill more than 1,200 Tutsis who had taken refuge in the Church of Kiziguro.

On the same day began the mass killing. R. and the other mayors had obtained guns and machetes from Kigali, which they distributed to the young men of the Interahamwe. Rs militia was especially cruel, recalls of complicity, even an Interahamwe leader. When he arrived in Kiziguro, Rs militia had already started killing.

flowers on the altar of the church in

Kiziguro is a long solid brick building with stained glass windows. The wooden benches on which were piled corpses once, stand in rank and file. Fresh flowers adorn the altar. For people in Kiziguro remains unforgettable, what happened here. Many survivors report that they had seen R. on the church square, as has been murdered inside.

also Claudine Nyirandegeya had sought protection in the church. After 7 April 1994, more and more Tutsi run. The church was full of crying children and anxious women. The now 56-year-old was lucky. On the evening of 10 April she hid with her children outside the church. The next day the Interahamwe stormed the building. R. have given the order to throw grenades.

In a German court to stay these atrocities probably unimaginable. The survivors are still there a little peace of mind, now that a court examines the role of R. Onesphore in the genocide. finance

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Thanks for the Money

With over one hundred million U.S. dollars international donors the demobilization in southern Sudan. But most of the money remains stuck in the pockets of UN people.

appeared in the taz

: 22/12/2010

JUBA
taz at the training center in Southern Sudan capital of Juba. He has over 70-year-old down for three months daily to school. The teacher has him down again and again prayed the alphabet, repeated the numbers from one to twenty - things that the old man knew from childhood. He sighs: "This training will help me no further bit."
Akol served 21 years as a physician in Southern Sudan rebel army SPLA (Sudan People's Liberation Army), took care of wounded and sick. His specialty had liver disease such as leprosy and typhoid, he says. Two years ago he sent his officer to the house: He was too old. Now he must learn to live a civilian life. "I need a micro-credit, to buy drugs and to open in my home village pharmacy, no illiteracy training. "But we told him that he must complete the training, which belong to the program.

The old man is to about 11,000 SPLA guerrilla fighters who were demobilized in June 2009 in southern Sudan. GoSS demobilization program is one of the largest in Africa. After 20 years of civil war, the former guerrilla who is now southern Sudan official army, nor 140000-180000 soldiers. Thereof 90 000 are to be disarmed. The first 34 000 of them, their demobilization in summer 2009 started, are older men and Akol, child soldiers, nurses, sick and disabled veterans. In the second phase, from 2011 sent 56,000 combat troops home. But the UN program for this is according to research by the taz extremely inefficient.

A successful demobilization is important for the future of Southern Sudan. The budget of the SPLA currently consumes half of the state budget. The pay is out for three months. The government is broke. to downsize the army would prevent armed soldiers pillaging the villages and take what they need to live, or barricades set up to extort bribes. were supposed to start the demobilization right after the peace agreement 2005th At that time, created the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) has a list of 90 000 demobilized fighters. Not as a computer data bank, but hand-written on paper. This list was checked against the payroll of the SPLA. The listed were disarmed by the SPLA and sent home - they should wait for the UN program. One of them was Akol. Then for years nothing happened. The disarmed were left to themselves. The UN list has disappeared. SPLA liaison officers now rushing through the villages to recover the people on the list. These are frustrated Exkämpfer a huge risk for the stability of southern Sudan. mismanagement of the UN

The uneducated now training Morris Ruben, a primary school teacher, who in 1987 voluntarily joined the guerrillas. To the rank of captain, he rose up. In 2008 he was discharged. Today, he teaches his former comrades of the alphabet. About 200 pounds he get as a teacher of the month - in the army he had once received 1,000 pounds.

The former SPLA fighters are frustrated and disappointed. He have 20 years of fighting in the bush for his country, says Morris Ruben, and he would be sent with a handful of stuff home: a blanket, a mosquito net, a shovel, a bucket and a sack of corn - all things he had already and has therefore sold on the market again. Plus 860 pound entry fee, the equivalent of around 260 €. The rich do not even to send his nine children to school. "So you treat it no heroes, "he says. William Deng, president of Southern Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (DDR) power over all this great concern. And he is angry because actually enough money was there. Many DDR programs were underfunded. This. But that money is "corrupted by the UN," said Deng. The tall man who lived during the war in Canada, then in the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the demobilization program for the War Ituri up Now he finds. The UN had established in southern Sudan, a program tailored to what countries like the Congo was, if not disarmed Congolese rebels and returned to their home countries will have. This Exkämpfer stood on returning home with empty hands, they needed water containers, blankets, corn rations. "But our people have for years at home, probably a lot better than the blanket that we give them now," Deng said, shaking his head. A decent program would have to "run effectively, quickly and transparently," says Deng and bangs on the table. But exactly at this Transparanz is the weak point, and it makes Deng, the UN development agency UNDP is responsible to manage the Demobilisierungsgeld the international community. The UNDP has to implement the program mandated international NGOs as contractors. The Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) through the training program in the state of Central Equatoria, and in Juba. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is responsible for Western Bahr El-Ghazal and the Irish "concern" as a sub-contractor hired. Who here which cuts off part of the cake is completely opaque, so Deng. The donor countries - including Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway - have been a total of 105 million dollars in the GDR funds paid for Sudan, which is applied to 430 million. Get away 2.4 million of the German Federal Government. The value of the DDR package of each ex-soldier is an average of $ 1,500. For a total of around 200 dollars blankets, mosquito nets and other household goods bought for former combatants, and food rations for them. Teachers are paid, the training carried out, transport costs reimbursed, made evaluations. remain thereafter for each Exkämpfer still only accounted for $ 400 starting money. The reason is that international organizations must also be paid. Even the UNDP is seven percent administrative fee. "Because the program is complex, we lose out on the Pipeline much money, "said Deng His Commission was in negotiations with the contractors were not included his objection..." There are national NGOs that are much cheaper than international NGOs "Then would end a lot more money for people like Akol remain.

For Deng, this mismanagement of a security threat. "Rethinking the Exkämpfer that we did steal the money that they deserve," he says.

Deng an independent audit requested to find out where the money sags. But the UNDP has approved only an internal audit, which took place from September to October. The result was never published, even Deng the report never received. The taz is now before this report. It is devastating.

"The program can not be maintained in 2011," it says. There is no strategy on how the remaining parts of the budget should be driven, internal controls were lacking. For the implementation of the DDR program in North and South Sudan, the UNDP had budgeted 466 employees, with estimated staff cost of around 16.7 million dollars. So far 328 people had begun their service, but in 2010 received more than 20 million dollars. About 14 million of which went to just 50 "international experts".

The person with the highest pay grade, P6 in UN jargon, receive $ 370,216 this year, which is a monthly salary of almost 31,000 dollars - tax-free. Three employees who were not even provided in the budget of 2008 receive the salary level P5, 28,000 dollars a month, including allowances for each location. The auditors have looked at the recruitment process for these employees to the extent it was possible because much of the personnel files and lists of candidates were not available. Her conclusion: "The recruitment process is not transparent." Many of the highly paid employees according to the report not meet the UN's internal skills requirements.

The UNDP estimates the program would be 20-25 Percent of former combatants to help build a new life. Similar programs in the Congo are based on at least 50 percent. A thought experiment: If one were to press any Exkämpfer which he is entitled to $ 1,500 cash in hand, much could open more of them, a shop, buy land or acquire Akol as drugs for the pharmacy.

On taz-demand is subdued UNDP. It takes weeks to arrive following reaction. "We owe it to the people in southern Sudan and our donors to make this program as successful as possible, despite the difficulties, we consider now how we can improve the program and the cooperation with the UN . Can be more efficient "to the question with the low expectation of success, UNDP responded:" The program is implemented in a state that is recovering from a long civil war. This has a decisive influence on the results. "

Of the 105 million donated funds are to taz information yet about 30 million left over. And southerners such as former army doctor Akol will together get probably never have enough money to open a pharmacy .

INFOBOX; demobilization

International UN-funded programs for the "disarmament, demobilization and Reintegration "(under the acronym DDR familiar) of fighters belonging to the standard range of UN operations around the world in civil war countries last time there was such programs in addition to southern Sudan, for example, even in those countries. Sierra Leone, Liberia, Congo, Burundi, Haiti and the Ivory Coast this. the recent civil war armies combined and excess fighters can finally submit to UN Secretary-collection centers their old redundant weapons. you get in return as take-off assistance in the form of cash, property and / or training for the creation of a new civilian life.

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in Abyei has not peace

a prelude to the Southern Sudanese independence referendum, in the fighting between north and south disputed oil region of Abyei. Dozens of people died.

appeared in the taz : 1/10/2011

JUBA

taz the southern Sudanese Dinka and soldiers of the JIU, the so-called Joint Integrated Units of northern and southern Sudanese armies. On the weekend went on these conflicts. Abyei is an oil-rich region known to secure the oil rigs and pipelines, it was essential even in times of war to both belligerents, which ethnic groups are based in the oil areas. Today we are there mainly to grazing rights, says South Sudan Minister of Regional Cooperation, Deng Alor, who comes from Abyei. The Misseriya are nomads from the north who move several times a year with their herds of cattle to the watering places in the south, while not yet finally determined Border between North and South Sudan to cross.

display

your future citizenship is still not resolved. Therefore, in Abyei is also not a referendum. The JIU units are common associations of North and South, whose soldiers were mostly recruited from rebel groups that do not belong to the North nor the South Army. Most of these soldiers, however, are Southern.

are now being equipped with weapons from the north of the Misseriya and Dinka from the South, according to Juba. In a conference would have the Abyei Dinka recently banned the Misseriya to lead their cattle to Abyei, before they had not even caught up with the next crop, says Minister Alor. He warns: "Once the water in the North is running out, the Misseriya to advance to the waterholes in the Dinka-region, it will there be war

This is now likely to happen on Saturday it was 14 km north of Abyei at.. fighting. GoSS police spokesman Biar Mading says this information was sensitive and does not confirm definitively, so he could say about the possible involvement of the South Sudan police forces and more than eleven dead policemen, one of which was in first reports of the speech yet.

The Arab Khartoum

newspaper Al-Sahafah

reported, citing a Dinka Ngok spokesman 49 dead, the news agency Reuters, citing a Misseriya Guide 23 deaths. South Sudan army spokesman Philip Aguer speaks of more than 20 dead. Other sources say the death toll, however, significantly lower.

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rush to the polls

The people vote on the independence of southern Sudan. They celebrated even before the results are confirmed. EU observers praise the organization.

appeared in the taz : 09/01/2011

JUBA taz
risen, as the southerners flocked to the polling stations. Max Androga has risen by five clock in order to make. Almost three hours, he waits patiently in the dusty courtyard of the elementary school district in Southern Sudan capital Juba Mukumi, opens up to the election station under a mango tree. The 45-year-old accountant with a T-shirt with the word "elimination".
"I'm so excited, my whole life I've waited for this day," he says, grinning from ear to ear. Androga has been through two wars in his life, was sitting in jail because he sympathized with the rebels, had been shot, has only just survived. "I have in my life have never really experienced peace, now it's finally time, "he says, and gets teary-eyed.
Some four million registered voters are called upon to vote on the independence of the South by the government in northern Khartoum. The referendum will one weeks take, as people must travel in a country half times the size of Germany long distances on foot in the only 2600 polling stations. take at least 60 percent of registered must, so the result is valid. This is the 2005 peace agreement between southern Sudan People's Liberation Movement enshrined (SPLM) and Northern Sudan government under Omar Bashir. After over 20 years of war and a complicated peace process in Juba is currently no one doubts the fact that the majority votes to secede. put

When the first voters at eight clock their ballots in the plastic boxes, music booms from the speakers. A woman swings southern Sudan flag, dancing and singing. The people waiting to clap and sing. The mood is relaxed. Haua Zaitun has put on her Sunday dress red. She laughs when she throws the ballot into the ballot box and dipped their fingers in the inkwell. The water-resistant ink to prevent people from voting twice. Barnaba Marial government spokesman Benjamin says the referendum is already a success. "Throughout the country there is an indescribable rush to the polling stations," he says. Also, the referendum in southern Sudan office, praised that all polling stations opened on time. Over 60,000 policemen secure the elections and guard the polls. In one week, the counting begins in southern Sudan. Responsible for the conduct of the election is the national Referendum Commission in Sudan's capital Khartoum. You must be the final result by 14 February announced. Before that, there is the possibility that Referendum in court in Khartoum to challenge. Sudan's President Bashir had announced during his recent visit to Juba, he would accept the results. The EU election observers to congratulate the referendum office in Juba to the already successful implementation. It was important that the referendum on 9 Begins in January, it was established in the peace treaty, Veronique de Keyser, chairman of the EU election observer mission said in the southern Sudan. More than 100 EU observers are in use, plus observers from the African Union, the churches and local NGOs.

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adventure freedom

historic moment in South Sudan capital Juba: The independence is within reach. Occur now after 20 years of civil war, security and stability?

appeared in the taz

: 01/07/2011

JUBA
taz the big mango tree by the roadside is debated loudly. About a dozen older men, most with the Dinka people typical, deeply incised scar on his forehead, sitting on stools in a circle and drink hot tea. They discuss in Arabic about the upcoming referendum on Sunday. In addition, James Lodiong sits on the curb and listened attentively. Instead, he sips tea
an ice-cold, freshly squeezed red berry juice, sells a young woman from a cooler next to him. The 27-year-old smiles: "It's all about here these days to the referendum," he winks. The men discussed how Southern Sudan after Independence might look, he explains, adding: ". We urgently need new vision, extending beyond the independence" Lodiong, father of two children, studied at the University of Juba approaches to development in rural regions - a sector in which he suspects many job opportunities. He comes from a small village in the south of Southern Sudan, on the border with Uganda. His home region had developed "relatively good," he said in English.
About The highway is paved fresh, the power lines already installed underground to bring goods from traders in Uganda, and: "Even our school system is better because Ugandan teachers teach us," he says. In other regions of southern Sudan see it quite differently. "The infrastructure outside of Juba is in a catastrophic state," he sighs. That could soon change, however, he is quick and looks around.

Juba changing

Since the peace agreement in 2005 between the Sudan government in Khartoum and southern Sudan former rebel movement SPLA (Sudan People's Liberation Army), which has since ruled the South as autonomous region, has Juba from a container and tent settlement between the ruins of old colonial buildings developed into a real city: with a handful of paved roads, and new air-conditioned ministries.

"If we use our resources wisely, we can over the next five years to develop the cities and regions outside of Juba," said Lodiong. He points to a poster that is pinned to the mango tree: "Vote for development, chooses independence," is it.

The enthusiasm about the upcoming referendum is great in Juba. Feasts are prepared. Young people discuss where and how they celebrate the launch referendum on Sunday. But there is a certain tension in the air. The parking lot near the waterfront, where else would the Ugandan Dealers deliver vegetables and fruit, is almost deserted. Hardly a trader risked his assets currently in Juba. The vegetable seller at the market have so few to offer not quite as fresh tomatoes, they are selling at twice the price. The money changers have little dollar bills. The conversion rate for this is shot up. Avoid

While the Ugandan traders for fear of flaring conflict southern Sudan, the Western delegates in Juba to give the handle in his hand. Almost daily roar state coaches on the road from the airport in the government district. Representative of the UN Security Council were to visit, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is even Hollywood actor George Clooney is touring southern Sudan. Several times a day so police blocked off the few paved roads.

motorcycle taxi riders like John Baradong annoying the powerful. "Now that we finally have peace, the whole world is interested in us," he wondered, shaking his head. He sits again on the roadside under a tree in his parked motorcycle, waiting until the limo column is over. In recent days, Baradong, father of five children, earned almost a quarter less money than usual "Many people stay in these days would rather be home," he says. After dark, at seven clock in the evening was the city like extinct. And before the police had to beware, he warns.

have in recent weeks threatened in Juba several young, newly trained police women, even beaten, allegedly because they were dressed too easy. At a youth concert at Christmas took a 21-year-old recruit to a girl with a knife. "Over the holidays we noticed that our police are only partially operational for a long time," police spokesman admit Biar Mading. The major-general with epaulets sitting in dilapidated police headquarters behind his desk in a polished big leather chair. During his tea break, he followed on a large flat screen TV, the international coverage of Sudan. over the image of his country he was doing very concerned, said the major general. "To guarantee security, we have all the police on duty to summon the country has," he says. 60,000 security forces to guard polling stations and ensure the transport of ballot boxes - which is not much over an area of one and a half times the size of Germany. For the potentially soon-independent Government of Southern Sudan is a crucial test-run the referendum, whether the state is able to deliver his people what it after 20 years of civil war needs most: security and stability. minimize The risk of conflict with the North, this is Deng Alors task. Southern Sudan Minister of Regional Cooperation is currently the busiest man in the country, so it seems. He has just adopted a German delegation, immediately afterwards, the next state visit stands outside his office. Nevertheless, he takes the time to talk about his homeland. Alor is a tall man with broad shoulders and walking upright - typical of his people, the Dinka, who in Southern Sudan Government, the majority of the ministers and the president. Alor comes from Abyei, between North and South disputed oil region on the border. Even if he is not there, want to eliminate conflicts, he assured that the relations between North and South are now better than ever before. "The removal will be a great shock to the north," he says. The opposition in Khartoum will exploit this in order to mobilize against Bashir. "Our people in the south is relatively well prepared in comparison," he says. over such a statement can Ninrew James, chairman of the Nuer Peace Council, shaking his head. The Nuer and the Dinka are each around 20 percent, the largest of the 67 ethnic groups in southern Sudan. As a proud warrior people of ancient nomadic tradition they fought during the Civil War, part of the Nuer was armed by Khartoum to take action against the Dinka in the SPLA. place in the Palestinian government, the Vice-President Riek Machar the Nuer and 36th of a total of four ministers That the Dinka hold otherwise all the commanding points, especially in the army and police, sees Ninrew as dangerous. "Politics is pure nepotism," he says soberly. And since the political elite decides on the economy, all sectors were in the hands of the Dinka. Ninrews Nuer Peace Council operates its efforts to find peaceful solutions between the two dominant ethnic groups in Southern Sudan a small office behind a crowded desk in a house shared by local human rights and women's organizations.

geese cackle around in the courtyard, then with the beak on the glass door to Ninrews office. He has just corrected a report on the recent clashes in the east of southern Sudan, near the town of Akobo on the border with Ethiopia, where war with two Nuer communities. SPLA soldiers, the majority of Dinka, marched in November and burned the villages.

Ninrew befüchtet that such conflicts could push Sudan into a new civil war. For the present, Dinka-dominated Autonomy government will decide after a Yes to the southern Sudanese to independence on the rules of the new state, which will be called half a year later: a constituent assembly convened to organize new elections. "If the Dinka are introducing today unfair rules, then the other ethnic groups revenge sooner or later"

, warns the Nuer Ninrew. Southern Sudan government should avoid committing the same mistakes as before Khartoum. Not far from his window a Teermaschine liquid asphalt sprayed on the road. "You should develop not only the capital but also the provincial cities," says Ninrew and raises his index finger: If the government would have invested in Khartoum and in the provinces, not just in the center, would not the South secede now.

national hero Garang

"Bring the cities of the nations and not the people in the cities," cited Ninrew calculated Southern Sudan SPLA war hero and founder John Garang, whose portrait hangs above his desk. For decades, Garang led the SPLM during the civil war and negotiated the 2005 peace agreement with Khartoum. It was the biggest triumph of the patriarch of the Southern Sudan Independence Movement.

But a few months later, Garang died in a helicopter crash. Garang had spoken in his decades-long fight for the interests of other groups in the neglected periphery of Sudan, for example, for the people of Darfur. His vision was a socialist and democratic state in all of Sudan, a "new Sudan", in which all people live free and be treated equally.

Garang was a Dinka, but was also recognized by other southerners as a national hero. In Juba town center is built Garang has a simple but dignified mausoleum. In addition, one of the central polling stations of the capital has been built. Are always fresh flowers on his grave.

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"Bye bye Bashir, bye bye Arabs


visited shortly before the independence referendum in South Sudan President Bashir, the capital of the south. We warmly welcome it, however.

appeared in the taz

: 01/05/2011

Supposed farewell visit: Bashir (right) next to Salva Kiir (left).
Photo: Reuters JUBA

taz Namayjiek with its flags and laughs. The 29-year-old teacher stands with hundreds of other southerners before the main entrance of the airport building to Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir to be welcomed. Bashir is currently touring the Sudan, to do his people a happy new year. In southern Sudan, it is likely his final visit.
Nearly four million registered voters in the South Sudanese throughout the country are calling from next Sunday to decide by referendum on whether South Sudan independent of the central government in Khartoum does.

Hardly anyone doubts that the majority of southern Sudanese to independence is right. 60 percent of the registered voters must participate to make the referendum valid. After over twenty years of civil war between north and south and six years of peace and autonomy government in the south of the referendum is considered the "last step to freedom", as it appears on many flags. Douching When the black SUV from the airport, stretches teachers Namayjiek against the president's convoy independence flag. "Secession" is written on it in Arabic and English. "I am so glad that our president is visiting us and we can show him that we really want independence," says Namayjiek.

And that the People in Juba majority for the separation and the creation of an independent state, are the Bashir can not be overlooked during his tour of the city. Besides Namayjiek keep students up a bed sheet, "Stop the bombing of the South Sudanese people" is written on. Further down the street a poster hanging on a chain link fence: it is a black skull, next to the word "Bye-bye Khartoum!"

On the way to the presidential palace by President Salva Kiir, who has ruled since 2005, the South and autonomous territories, must Bashir in a crowd over, the entgegenbrüllt he chants. "Bye-bye Bashir, bye-bye Arabs," call her. The people of South Africans feel as a Christian in relation to the Muslim Arabs of the north.

It had GoSS Minister of Information Mustafa Mayak in the early morning, called on the people, "our president to welcome with open hearts." President Bashir has recently adjusted its war rhetoric against the South and more sent messages of reconciliation to the south, said Majak. This message of peace now repeated Bashir personally after his meeting with Salva Kiir and GoSS Council of Ministers.

"We are civilized people," says Bashir. "Even if the results be painful, we will meet them with forgiveness, patience, acceptance, and with an open heart and good will. "The president stressed that he wanted peace for all of Sudan, north and south. This he now has in practice to the test. .

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Juba - City of Hope

Juba in Sudan it before the referendum on the independence of returnees and propagandists One gives up everything, the other could lose everything

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17/12/2010

on the central roundabout in the city center projecting a digital clock from the traffic chaos. "Countdown to the independence referendum" on the digital display, but the numbers of which have expired. Time is again the hopelessly dilapidated power grid collapsed. is Still in Southern Sudan capital of almost everyone believes that the days of the unity of Africa's largest land area, Sudan is counted. On 9 January vote in the southern Sudanese as to whether the South is becoming estranged from the central government in Khartoum North. On the last day of registration for the referendum is Tito Marou in the queue. The chemistry student is extra to the night bus from the capital traveled to the neighboring country Uganda. The 26-year-old, typical of the Dinka ethnic group incised scar on his forehead shows his Sudanese passport, signed on the voter card, which is then laminated in plastic, and dips his finger into the ink bottle - a measure that prevents people register without ID card can be doubled. Marou hopes the referendum passes peacefully and the North accepted the result. "Then we come back from neighboring countries to help, with our learned knowledge to develop our country," he nods.

Independence is on the political agenda. Posters and stickers promoting the walls of buildings, walls and advertising display panels for separation. The largest billboard along the main street in the center shows a closeup view of President Salva Kiir, "The last march to freedom" stands in bright green letters. After 20 years of civil war against the government troops now promises the head of the ruling SPLM, a new and glorious future of the "New Sudan", which he ruled for the helicopter crash of his predecessor Garang in July 2005 - A major challenge. this final march to freedom have begun in recent weeks over 50,000 southern Sudanese, the numbers of humanitarian coordination office of the UN (OCHA). Most of them have lived for decades in Sudan's capital Khartoum. With a total of 150,000 returnees from the north, the UN agency estimates that by the spring. Although many reach Juba too late to register yet, it is a vote with their feet. returnees Angelo Loki is on a cast iron bed frame without mattress in the shade of a mango tree at the port. Behind it roars past the White Nile. Boats moored at the quay and unloaded. Young men carry in single file with bags of maize flour from a transport ship on a wobbly bridge to the truck parked on the shore. Loki happily observed the hustle and bustle. Next to him are piled his belongings: luggage with clothes, cooking pots and a coat stand, what his rain jacket dangling.

the southern Sudanese from the tribe of Didinga is literally stranded at the port of Juba. For three weeks he was from Khartoum on the Nile by boat en route, nearly his entire fortune to be around 20 euros, he has invested in the trip. Southern Sudan government has promised buses and trucks after they graduate, they pick up at the port in Juba and put them in their remote native villages in the country. Loki has been waiting since two days. a trained mechanic who lived 37 years in Khartoum, was married to a Nordsudanesin and has four children with her. "Life was okay, I had a good job," he nods. However: "The situation in the north is more difficult for us Southern." Jobs would be less and less given to people from the south, the distrust grows on both sides. A few months ago he decided to leave everything and return to his home village in the south Kapoita. "I love my country so much, I will be there when we become independent," he says, grinning from ear to ear. "After so long ago I hardly recognized Juba - it has changed so much!" fact is that Juba, once consisting of round mud huts with thatched roofs and container, in which people lived in international aid workers, blossomed into a thriving town quietly. The international airport will soon get a new terminal. The main roads between the airport, downtown and the government district are paved fresh. However, infrastructure development seems more likely to align the needs of the international community. The paved road ends a dozen yards behind the U.S. representative office, a bunker-like Trutzbau. Then the road turned into a grave system of channels and drainage canal, where the garbage is collected, the foul smell at about 40 degree heat. The once much neglected south from the north to develop thanks to the revenue from the oil boon - from which the South peace agreement, according to 50 percent deserve. Since 2005, according to the organization Global Witness seven billion dollars from the oil production of the entire Sudan have flowed to the south. Not a bad condition that could have a potentially sovereign southern Sudan, a functioning infrastructure, at least in Juba. Nevertheless evident in the settlements on the outskirts that is booming and the corruption. Ministers and army officers are building up huge mansions in garish colors, which they rent at prices 2000-15000 U.S. dollars to employees of international organizations. Juba is a city of contrasts: decayed ruins from colonial times lined up to round mud huts with thatched roofs and huge new buildings in their gardens, the power generators . Rattle There is not enough energy to the entire city every day to power, but there is an expensive sushi restaurant for the elite. So far, the cost of living in Juba with the most expensive in the entire region. A tomato or an egg costs well twice or three times in comparison with neighboring countries. This is not least because almost all products are imported. In southern Sudan, not even the agricultural sector has developed to such an extent that it can supply the needs of its own population of around eight million people.

It is especially the diaspora from the East African neighbors, the transactions in Juba on Life holds - be it the Ethiopian refugee families who came in the eighties there and maintain hotels and restaurants, the Ugandan motorcycle taxi drivers who would earn in Kampala due to competition not even half. Or the dealer from Kenya and Uganda, which deliver over bumpy roads all that is needed for life in Juba.

Konyo Konyo Market district near the port is known locally as "Little Kampala" called. There is a bustling place, prices are in Luganda, the Ugandan language negotiated. Ugandan market women bid for tomatoes, onions and eggplant, which they then in the wooden stalls of the approximately five kilometers away from downtown offer.

Saleh Abas from the Ugandan capital of Kampala stands next to his truck and gave his instructions about a dozen agents. You are stacking the empty cardboard box of stairs for eggs. The businessman has in the past three days of his truck down Ugandan sold eggs. Now that all are sold out, he counts his bills.

Saleh delivered a weekly charge of 4,000 Stairs fresh eggs from Kampala to Juba. "A crazy business," he says. At the central market in Uganda, he buys a stairway for the equivalent of 1.60 euros. One and a half days and over 700 miles later reached his truck to the market place near the port of Juba. There he sold the stairs for twice the price. Similar was the business with tomatoes, pineapple, sugar cane and bananas, all products that are not grown in southern Sudan because of the dry climate.

But to do business in Southern Sudan, "it's like the Wild West," says Rashid Manafa, Chairman of the Federation of Ugandan traders in Southern Sudan to flog their wares. Bribes at checkpoints are common. Southern Sudan police had confiscated truck loads of goods. Now the dealer request compensation for their losses. Saleh also aligned on the risks of travel to Juba. Besides the official import tax of around $ 500 do police collect bribes at road blocks. Per trip cost him about $ 300 additional.

Saleh fears the political uncertainty. He has decided to suspend trading after the referendum. "If everything remains peaceful, I come back - otherwise I will try my luck somewhere else," he says. Just as he thought many Ugandans, turn the goods in southern Sudan. Why start now restaurant owners and hotel managers, food and beer hoarding in order to pamper their guests over Christmas. The result: In Juba, the prices are currently extremely in dollar notes are in short supply, the rate shoots up. And no one can predict whether the situation returned to normal after the referendum in January.

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" I want the freedom to do more "

vote in a month from the southern Sudanese on the establishment of an independent state. Voter registration is complete - and is sometimes not recorded.

appeared in the taz

: 12/08/2010

JUBA

taz
The 81-year-old southern Sudanese with curly white beard and a carved walking stick sits on a plastic chair under a tent in a park in southern Sudan capital of Juba. He is in the morning arrived from his home village 30 kilometers away Tokot to sign up for the independence referendum on 9 January 2011 to register.
"I was sick and too weak to early to come here," he gasps, and his hand trembling on the vine. But he smiles satisfied to have it on the last day of voter registration but still managed: "The freedom that is all I want to experience in my life."
decide, after more than 20 years of civil war and a complicated peace process since 2005, the southern Sudanese in exactly one month to see if they want to secede from the rest of Sudan. On Wednesday, the voter registration ended for this referendum. of over five million eligible voters are about three million southern Sudanese in about 2,600 registration stations have had to issue voter cards. 60 percent of registered must now participate in the vote, to make the referendum valid. And the majority must vote for independence.

Most southerners have no identity card, to prove their identity. But that takes care of the registration officer not in the case of Lohima. "He has the typical incised scar on his forehead," he explained. Lohima undoubtedly belong to the ethnic group of the Dinka, South Sudan's largest ethnic group, whose features are traditionally drawn with scarred welts. The Dinka are the mainstay of the autonomous southern Sudan ruling former SPLA guerilla (Sudanese People's Liberation Army). For Beatrice Khamisa of Southern Sudan Referendum Commission of the assault on the voter card is already a success. "The independence is now no more obstacles," she says. The plump woman studied in their air-conditioned office, the latest figures from the nationwide registration stations reported every minute of their campaign workers via satellite telephone. "The registration was a success," she says brightly. The challenges, Khamisa are immense: impassable roads, lack of telephone lines, lack of education. And the budget of the Commission was extremely close. Sudan government in Khartoum had actually part of the overall budget of 372 million dollars are to steer the Referemdum. But "we have received from Khartoum, not a single cent," says Khamisa, responsible for finance, and shakes his head. The North try the south on the road to independence intentionally obstacles in the way, so it seems. Their registrations were still so many shows that "the population is behind the vision to secede from the north.

In Juba, hardly anyone doubts the fact that the majority will vote for independence. The old Lohima, who lost five sons in the war, is certain: "My grandchildren will live in houses made of stone and go to school," says he, and his eyes light up.

Blood Blistr In Throad

smuggling and terror in eastern Congo

A new UN experts report reveals dark business of illegal militias from Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda in eastern Congo. He strongly criticizes in Congo's national army.

appeared in the taz
: 30/11/2010

KAMPALA taz
published on Monday night, photos of a sealed canister, and the inclusion of an SMS: "A bottle of uranium, which I can sell you have." The investigators had posed as potential buyers. cut off when the UN experts, the uranium was the middleman, a well-known gold trader in the city of Bukavu, the canister to be related to a Rwandan pastor in the region Kalehe, the report said.

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The UN expert group revealed in its latest report, the latest machinations of not only the rebel groups in eastern Congo but the Congolese government army and foreign militias. Agathon Rwasa Leaders of the former Burundian Hutu rebel army FNL (National Liberation Forces) in Burundi, Agathon Rwasa transform his militia in Burundi OFFICIALLY resolved in the forests of the eastern Congo province of South Kivu new.

The FNL had made 2009 their weapons and took part as a political party in Burundi to participate in presidential elections in June. But a few days before the election Rwasa suddenly disappeared. Now, the UN investigators have tracked him down: the rebel leader remobilize and recruit fighters in the region of Uvira, near the border with Burundi. 700 militiamen had already joined. Rwasa also have his old contacts with the FDLR again Date and form of the Rwandan Hutu militia alliances. The UN investigators also researched the international financial network of the Uganda Muslim rebel ADF (United Democratic Forces), entrenched themselves in more than a dozen years in the Rwenzori Mountains along the border between Uganda and eastern Congo. The Ugandan intelligence the ADF had been responsible for the crimes committed by Somali Islamist suicide bombings during the final of the World Cup in the Ugandan capital Kampala.

do in fact have discovered the UN expert evidence of contacts of the ADF to Al Qaeda. Two Pakistanis and two Moroccans were ADF fighters trained, the report said, citing former ADF commanders. Monies had been transferred from London in the jungle.

Unusually harsh to criticize the investigators Congolese government army, which is in the report itself described as an illegal armed group in the country. Commanders would have done from the command structure separate and would illegally invaded villages, plunder resources and rape women and girls.

Congo army spokesman Maj Silvain Ekenge told the BBC that this was not all true. The UN Security Council in New York now has the mandate of the UN expert group and the existing arms embargo against armed groups in Congo extended for another year.

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0 21 Konde-Lule

Today is Professor of diseases of epidemic Makerere University, Kampala. The little man with the graying hairline is sitting in his cluttered office in the institution-building next to the central hospital in Uganda's capital. On his desk is stacked research reports that are sorted into colored folders. In addition to the table is groaning under the weight of a crooked shelf full of bulging files. Konde-Lule was in 1982 the research team, which dealt with the strange disease. The blood samples proved that it was not to typhoid fever. "But at what people were killed, we learned only years later," he recalls. He sent some blood samples in the modern laboratories in Europe and the USA. 1984 was identified almost simultaneously in the U.S. and in France the HIV virus and developed the first AIDS test. This showed that people in Uganda were infected with the same virus, such as patients in Haiti and San Francisco.

Equipped with the methods for this Konde-Lule AIDS test in 1987, moved by Uganda. Now the first cases had become known around the capital. The result of the first mass testing Konde-Lule was "shocking" were about ten percent of adults tested HIV-positive. Thereupon, President Yoweri Museveni, who had taken in 1986 after years of civil war, the power of the epidemic on the national risk. source of the virus originated, it has Konde-Lule disease researchers still no answer. "At some point I stopped, I worry about it to his head." He shrugs his shoulders. AIDS is a slow disease. This makes it difficult to research. "We found that the patients were already infected two to five years before the first symptoms occurred," he says. This makes it simply impossible to prove how, when and where the people had caught the virus. Konde-Lule but suspected that the virus has spread from Tanzania. Notes provide the lifestyles of the first patients, many of the men were traders as well Migeeros Schwager. They traveled regularly to Tanzania.

The graves of these first AIDS deaths are in the banana groves behind the small brick building that houses Kasensero. There are unadorned pile of moss-grown boulders. No grave stone, no engraved name recalls the first diagnosed AIDS cases in Africa. Only the empty, dilapidated houses and the countless, hastily dug graves in the banana plantations have indicated that the disease began from here and eventually throughout the country, even spread over the whole of East Africa.

The hill, the hugs, the little village of Kasensero, rises above the shores of Lake Victoria. At dusk the glassy surface of the water shimmers in the colors of the sunset. At the landing on the beach, among hundreds of wooden boats, about a dozen parked Trucks.

About the truckers and fishermen, the virus has spread in the eighties over the whole region of time.

To date, there are the traders, fishermen and prostitutes who are in Uganda to the most risk because HIV is spread with them in all directions. Representatives of all these risk groups can meet up at the pier of Kasensero.

The small fishing village on the rotting pier has dismally. In the narrow dusty lanes between the ramshackle wooden huts, which are lined up along the beach, it smells like rotten fish heads, foul sewage and urine. Plastic bottles and banana peels are in the fine white sand. Cows pluck the few tufts of grass from the sand, towering above the waste. The roar of the young Fischer echoes along the beach. They are already in the early evening drunk. Awkward, they push their wooden boats into the water for another dangerous night on the lake. In the rush to make fun of the disease, with the current 21 percent of the population are infected Kasenseros: "Why should I use a condom," asks the 21-year-old Moses Mugisha. "If I want to enjoy a candy, I also do not suck it with the packaging," he mumbles. His buddies laugh, many of them are already HIV-positive, give them. "Plugged in we can not, yes," they shout and swing in their boats.

the virus is probably one of the East-African-highway to get Kasensero. Truck drivers from Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and Congo are on the overland road here to stay, overnight, drink, take a whore and chug the next morning with a cargo of fresh fish back over the highway that runs through the three countries meet.

Some spend the night with Niaga, which will not name her real name. The 30-year-old with the purple streaks in the smoothed hair sits huddled in the dingy Bed in a small room with no light. When it gets dark outside, lights a candle Niaga. "Room 11" is on the rickety wooden door that leads into the courtyard of the brothel. Kasensero is notorious for its prostitutes scene. Niaga, mother of a young son, is positive for three years, takes two pills daily. But she tells her customers are reluctant, because: "The men pay me without a condom almost four times as much as rubber," she says. Is not that risky? She shrugs her shoulders: "Most customers are positive but already, why should they spoil the fun with a condom?" In Villages such as Kasensero, where poverty and alcoholism is greatest growth, the HIV numbers at most. However, Uganda has managed an unprecedented effort to curb the infection rate. President Museveni declared 1986 as the first president of the continent's HIV and AIDS threat to national, rather than how many of his colleagues dismiss as a conspiracy of the virus, which affects mainly white Americans. While the disease has been an issue so official, could be warned of it. Prevention began.

International donors donated billions for AIDS in Uganda, especially the United States. Start with success: The incidence of HIV infection was the beginning of the nineties has fallen by 70 percent. Uganda was a model country in the fight against AIDS. In Rakai, the HIV rate dropped to around ten percent in 2004 - 22 years after the first outbreak appeared to Uganda to win the fight against the virus.

But now Ereazer Mugisha observed repeatedly that careless handling of the risk of infection that makes him angry. The HIV-AIDS Officer of Rakai district, sits behind his desk unsorted in the offices of local governments in Rakai town and aligned on the statistics. To date, Rakai is one of the districts in Uganda, with the highest infection rates. In about six percent of medium size is nationwide. In Rakai twelve percent are HIV-positive, In some fishing villages Kasensero is the rate many times higher. In Nangoma, right on the border with Tanzania, the value is as high as 33 percent. But compared to earlier, had the situation is improving, says Mugisha. In 1988, 28 percent of adults in Rakai were infected.

that the numbers have risen again, making the officer concerned. He blames the one hand, the increase in life expectancy in HIV-infected people who can now live almost decades with the virus, he said - and it further spread as well. With a growth rate of 6.7 percent is one of Uganda also the world's fastest-growing nations. The increased infection rate was on the other hand also the fact that people have become accustomed to AIDS, as well as any other disease. "The Ugandan AIDS play down in comparison to malaria, because the HIV virus not perish miserably and the drugs are free."

Not all AIDS patients, but have access to the medication. The four hospitals in Rakai provide only 8,000 HIV-positive, only 15 percent of those infected, with free anti-retroviral drugs that suppress the virus in the blood and delay the symptoms of AIDS. Paid for the mass treatment of the social development fund of the government, in turn, flow into the relief funds from the U.S.. After all, Mugisha already recorded this number as a success. This success is reflected in the economic statistics of the district. "The economy in our region were found in the eighties and nineties ground because we wegstarben people of working age," he says. Thanks to modern medicine, the patients may have a job and feed their families.

Over the years, the Rakai district has become a pilgrimage site of local and international virologists. U.S. researchers at the prestigious Johns Hopkins University for 20 years come regularly flown in from Baltimore to long-term studies to take in 14,000 inhabitants of the district. In cooperation with the Ugandan Virus Institute scientists have launched the Rakai Health and Science Program. The first therapeutic trials of antiretroviral drugs took place in 1996 in Rakai.

Konde-Lule Professor

also travels regularly to Rakai to where talks on cutting-edge research with colleagues from around the world.

On his desk at the Institute on the hospital grounds in Kampala is a big report - the result of a recently published study: Two years, Ugandan and American scientists, the sexual behavior of almost 6,000 men in Rakai rayed. The amazing

result: The HIV infection rate in men are pruned by 70 per cent lower than in non-circumcised. Konde-Lule points to the report: "We must focus much more in research on prevention methods, as only accessible treatment options in sight," he says and asks the same of Uganda's government. "From the healing we are still far away, but how to prevent the infection, we know that since 1982," he says something brash and raises his right index finger when he was teaching his students. The funds, watch the other researchers, are used mainly for treatment. The prevention remains relatively low.

The largest hospital in the district is located in Kalisizo, a sleepy town in Rakai. Over 2,000 HIV patients are looked after, get your pills regularly every two months rations. Under a covered porch to wait in the morning about fifty patients: children, women sit with babies in their arms, young men on wooden benches - waiting patiently, chatting. A nurse carries a balance, the number of calls by name. Judith Nakato jumps off the bench in the second row, as their name is mentioned. The 21-year-old woman in the brown and white dress has come all the way from the 180 kilometers from the capital Kampala to be in her home town the next diet pills to pick up. She stands on the scale, smiling happy because she has lost no weight, and then enters the small examination room, to tell the doctor. The doctor knows George Waggubulmi Nakato since their first positive test four years ago. At that time the young woman was pregnant. Physically, it was still her well as she had only the symptoms typical of HIV spots on the arms. "Mentally I was charged the diagnosis but very," said Nakato recalls her first encounter with Doctor Waggubulmi. The experienced doctor could reassure the expectant mother's risk of HIV transmission to the unborn baby lies with under one percent.

now sits Nakato their doctor in the narrow room with a brave smile over. Routinely, she takes every morning and every evening after eating a pill. You can take care of their child and work in a hotel kitchen in Kampala as a cook. "I'm doing really good, I feel strong and fit," she assures Waggubulmi. The satisfied smiles and writes a prescription, can pick up with the Nakato in-house pharmacy her pills. The young woman says goodbye with an awesome Knicks.

Before Nakato rises again in the bus to Kampala, she tells of her three-year-old daughter, who was HIV-negative to the world and was wide awake, from their work was stressful, but they do like. Then she glanced sadly at the dusty ground. Her boyfriend and father of her children had left them "to infect Perhaps out of shame or fear itself," she mutters.

Waggubulmi After George finished his consultation, he takes stock. The patient numbers rise again in two years, he says. "Almost every day we test dozens of people are HIV-positive, but as long as drugs are sufficient, all are well supplied," he says and looks worried. He fears that next year failure to supply. For this he gives two reasons: Over the past five years, corrupt officials millions of dollars from the global AIDS fund embezzled, in the EU had paid up to 2005 € 200 million: $ 37,000,000 disappeared without a trace, according to the Ugandan Monitor newspaper in 2006. The payments were ceased. Only at the beginning of this year sent $ 4,200,000 of the funds back to Uganda to ensure that patients die because of lack of drugs.

The bulk of the money to combat AIDS is currently the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Reduction (PEPFAR), which had George W. Bush launched 2003rd Per year drugs worth 280 million dollars to Uganda are shipped. America's ambassador to Uganda in early October an increase in this budget promised, but also stressed that the United States this burden in the future could no longer bear alone. By one million to six million dollars, the PEPFAR shortened this year for the financing of HIV treatment for children. Uganda's government plans but in 2011, to increase the rate of medically treated HIV-positive people to 36,000. ie, in 2012 alone in Uganda a quarter million AIDS patients, as Judith Nakato, depending on the aid money from the U.S. - and will remain so throughout their lives, "says the doctor. The global financial crisis Waggubulmi expects that the supplies in the future be less. "So many patients die. Because they are too poor to afford the pills, "says the doctor. They cost the equivalent of seven U.S. dollars per pack. After just one week without tablets

deteriorating the condition of the patient quickly. "If people are too weak to drive 80 or 100 kilometers to the hospital, they die within a few months, mostly alone at home."

Olivier Hasal squats weakened and up to the sharp bone thin on a plastic mattress with no sheets in the run-down Health Centre in Kasensero. Hasal is 50 She breathes heavily, her weary eyes with dark shadows. The few unruly hair stand on all sides.

digs out of a cloth to a tablet out. "This is the last," she says, and wrapped the little white pill again carefully. Hasal has seen her husband and two children die of AIDS. And they know that if you no one new pack from the 140-kilometer distant county concerned, it will succumb to the curse of Kasensero

- as

Edie Migeeros brother 28 years ago.

INFO BOX:

broke in 1982 from the Abmagerungskrankheit for the first time in the fishing village of Kasensero in Rakai district in southwestern Uganda. In 1984, the pathogen from the blood samples collected at Kasensero as the HIV virus can be identified. In 1996, the first patient in Rakai with antiretroviral Drugs are treated.

sub-Saharan Africa is the world most affected by the HIV epidemic region. The infection rate in Uganda is 6.4 percent, about 100,000 new infections each year. In 2008, Uganda 1.1 million people with HIV were infected. About 200,000 of them receive free medication. In Sub-Saharan Africa are infected each year, according to estimates by UNAIDS, 1.9 million people with the HIV virus. A total of 22.4 million people in Africa are HIV-positive.